Macramé,
an art form made by knotting cords in endless imaginative combinations,
is capturing the attention of contemporary artists again. It's hard
to believe how these beautiful pieces can be made with a few simple
knots and bare hands.
"Macramé"
is an Arabic word meaning "fringe", and derives from an early
practice of knotting a fringe to a solid fabric, then continuing to
make a pattern of knots. Eventually, entire pieces of knotted fabric
were made and these had a strong, lovely, lacelike texture used for
doilies, altar cloth, and church vestments.
The
early history of Macramé is vague. There is some documentation
that it was done in fifteenth-century France and Italy. It was most
popular among nineteenth-century American and British sailors, who whiled
away long shipboard hours tying thousands of Square Knots.
Through
the early twentieth-century, belts, purses, leashes, lanyards, bell,
light and shade pulls, and other strictly utilitarian objects were knotted
in traditional designs and styles. In Portugal, Mexico, and Ecuador,
local artisans still produce items such as purses shawls as a native
craft.
Among
serious artists involved with modern "textile" arts, the potential
of Macramé is being explored with unprecedented enthusiasm. Using
the knotting technique, they are creating large wall hangings and sculptures,
jewelry and some practical items, combining knotting with other media
and techniques.